<p>Hongdo is an island in the Yellow Sea located 115 km from the southwest coast of Mokpo port, Jeollanam-do, South Korea. It covers an area of 6.47 km² and consists of steep mountain range, the highest peaks of which are Gitdaebong  and Yangsanbong . It is within the administrative boundaries of Sinan County, Jeollanam-do, South Korea. The island&#39;s 6.47 km² are home to about 710 people.</p><br>
<p>On Hongdo, meaning "Red Island" due to the red coloring found on many of the rocky outcroppings, there are about 270 varieties of evergreens and 170 species of animals. The government wished to preserve the natural state of the island so Hongdo was designated as a Natural Preserve Area in 1965, and became part of Dadohae Marine National Park in 1981. Because the entire island of Hongdo is declared a Natural Monument, no one is allowed to enter areas other than the villages and designated tourist areas.</p><br>
<p>The Oscar W. Underwood House is a historic house located at 2000 G Street in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood Northwest, Washington, D.C. It is nationally significant both for its association with Alabama politician Oscar Underwood  who lived here 1914-25, and also as the first long-term home of the Washington College of Law, the nation&#39;s first law school founded and run by women. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976. The building presently houses a legal aid clinic operated by George Washington University.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Oscar Underwood House stands in Washington&#39;s Foggy Bottom neighborhood, at the southwest corner of G and 20th Streets NW. It is a 2-1/2 story brick building, with a mansard roof providing a full third floor over its main block. It is one of three similar row houses extending along G Street. Its main facade is three bays wide, with the entrance in the rightmost bay. The entrance and windows are set in segmented-arch openings with bracketed and eared stone hoods, the windows with bracketed sills. The mansard roof is pierced by dormers on both the front and side, with round-arch windows framed by pilastered and pedimented gables. The interior retains some of its original finishes, with larger rooms subdivided into offices.</p><br>
<p>The house is the only known residence to survive relatively intact from the period of its association with Oscar Underwood. Underwood was a rare conservative Southern Democrat at the height of his influence in the first decades of the 20th century. He served in major leadership positions in both houses of Congress, and was several times a serious contender for the Democrat nomination for President of the United States. In 1926 he retired to the Woodlawn plantation.</p><br>
<p>After Underwood left the house, it was acquired by the Washington College of Law. It was founded in 1898 by Ellen Spencer Mussey and Emma Gillett, who were both refused admission to several law schools but eventually entered the bar despite that handicap. Working with limited financial resources, the school occupied a number of inadequate quarters for the first quarter century of its existence, eventually raising funds in 1920 for its first permanent home on K Street. It soon outgrew that, and purchased this building from Senator Underwood in 1924. It remained the schools home until 1952, having merged into the American University in 1949. Some of the schools many early female graduates were instrumental in legal aspects of gaining women&#39;s suffrage in the 1910s and 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The Fisher–Nash–Griggs House, also known as the Cottage Home, is a historic high-style Greek Revival house in the city of Ottawa, Illinois, United States. It was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Fisher–Nash–Griggs House, named for its first three owners, was built c. 1852&ndash;57 on Ottawa Avenue in Ottawa, Illinois. Between its construction and 1916 the home underwent a number of additions and renovations, all styled in Classical or Greek Revival.</p><br>
<p>George Smith Fisher had the northern part of the house built in the mid-1850s. It is thought to have been designed by Sylvanius Grow, who also designed the nearby John Hossack House. At some point before 1857, the Fishers added a dining room on the south. The house was expanded again in the early 1860s, extending farther south and adding a western bedroom and a summer kitchen. John Fiske Nash purchased the house in the 1870s and added a bathroom and vault area on the west wing. In 1910, the added an eastern bathroom, then extended the front porch with Ionic order columns two years later. In 1915, they added the porte-cochere on the east. The next year, they extended the east side and added a second floor. These were the last significant changes to the architecture of the house.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is setback from Ottawa Avenue about 100 ft; the street itself is a boulevard and one of the widest in the city. Ottawa Avenue is divided by a grassy tree-dotted median which is crowned on its west end by a Classical Revival war memorial. The house, of brick construction, is an example of high-style Greek Revival architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>The house is significant for its architecture as a good local example of high-style Greek Revival architecture with Classical Revival updates. The Fisher–Nash–Griggs House was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on November 27, 1998.</p><br>
<p>Edgehill Church at Spuyten Duyvil is a United Church of Christ parish church located at 2550 Independence Avenue in the Spuyten Duyvil neighborhood of The Bronx, New York City. Its congregation was founded in 1869 as the mission chapel affiliated with the Riverdale Presbyterian Church, serving the workers at the nearby Johnson Iron Foundry. The church, described by the AIA Guide to New York City as a "picturesque eclectic sanctuary", was designed by architect Francis Kimball in a mixture of styles &ndash; Romanesque Revival, Tudor Revival and Shingle style It features stained glass windows designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany.</p><br>
<p>By 1977, the church’s congregation had fallen dramatically. Plans were announced to close the church and convert it into a community center, the pastoral leadership was assumed by the Rev. Dr. William A. Tieck, a retired Methodist, who led the congregation until his death in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The church was designated a New York City landmark in 1980 under the name "Riverdale Presbyterian Chapel", and was added to the National Register of Historical Places on 1982.</p><br>
<p>The American Red Cross National Headquarters is a located at 430 17th Street NW in Washington, D.C. Built between 1915 and 1917, it serves both as a memorial to women who served in the American Civil War and as the headquarters building for the American Red Cross.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The national headquarters of the American Red Cross is located in central Washington, on the east side of a city block bounded by 17th, 18th, D, and E Streets NW. This block, on the west side of The Ellipse south of the White House, is entirely devoted to Red Cross facilities. The main headquarters building is a large stone structure, faced in white Vermont marble. It is three stories in height, its third floor recessed behind a balustrade. Its east-facing main facade has a central classical temple portico, with six Corinthian columns supporting a gabled pediment with a red cross at the center. The flanking building bays are articulated by attached Corinthian columns. The main bronze doorways lead into a large central marble entrance hall, with a broad stairway to the second floor. Niches in the hall are filled with sculptural depictions of "Faith", "Hope", and "Charity", executed by Hiram Powers.</p><br>
<h3>Tiffany windows</h3><br>
<p>The Board of Governors room contains three Favrile windows by designer Louis Comfort Tiffany. The windows are notable for being the largest suite of Tiffany windows outside a religious building. Unlike many other Tiffany windows, these windows have remained in their original setting. The costs of these windows were donated by two organizations of Civil War women: the Womans Relief Corps of the North and the United Daughters of the Confederacy. The left panel was based on Henry Wadsworth Longfellows poem, Santa Filomena, that honored the work of Florence Nightingale. The center panel depicts the conception of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement at the Battle of Solferino near Solferino, Italy. The right panel depicts a scene from Edmund Spenser&#39;s epic poem The Faerie Queene.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The American Red Cross was founded in the aftermath of the American Civil War, in 1881 as a unique public-private partnership for providing disaster relief and medical support for military forces. This headquarters building was built in 1915-17 to a design by Trowbridge and Livingston, and serves as both headquarters and as a memorial to women involved in the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The John Hossack House is a historic house in Ottawa, Illinois, United States. It was built in 1854&ndash;55 and was a "station" on the Underground Railroad. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The John Hossack House was built in 1854&ndash;55 by John Hossack, a Scottish born Ottawan. Hossack had worked on the Illinois-Michigan Canal in Chicago before arriving in Ottawa. Hossack was an abolitionist who hid as many as 13 fugitive slaves in his house as a stop on the Underground Railroad. In a famous 1860 case involving fugitive slave Jim Gray, Hossack and other Ottawans were convicted in Federal Court in Chicago of violating the Fugitive Slave law.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The John Hossack House is considered one of Ottawa&#39;s most beautiful houses. It is sited on the banks of the Illinois River overlooking the city. The building was designed by Sylvanus Grow and constructed by Alonzo Edwards. The house is a good example of Greek Revival architecture. Its details and proportions draw a conscious connection to the Classical tradition.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>The house is significant for its role as part of the Underground Railroad as well as the commercial and political significance of its original owner. The John Hossack House was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on March 16, 1972.</p><br>
<p>The United Mine Workers of America Building is an historic building at 900 Fifteenth St. NW in the Downtown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Built in 1912 as the home of the University Club, a private social club, it was from 1936 to 1999 as the international headquarters of the United Mine Workers. Under the leadership of John L. Lewis, the union played a major role in improving working conditions and pay for a large number of mine workers, with Lewis eventually founding the Congress of Industrial Organizations to improve conditions for other types of laborers. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2005. The upper floors of the building have been converted to residences.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former United Mine Workers of America Building is located in downtown Washington, at the northwest corner of "I" and 15th Streets NW. One facade faces east toward McPherson Square across 15th Street, the other toward I Street. It is a six-story masonry structure, with a frame of steel and terra cotta blocks and an exterior facing of brick, limestone and bluestone. It is essentially Renaissance Revival in style, with tall rounded-arch windows on the second level, which serves as a piano nobile. The first two levels are finished in limestone, the ground floor with a rusticated finish, while the upper floors are mainly clad in buff brick.</p><br>
<p>The building was originally constructed in 1912 as a five-story building to a design by George Totten, for the University Club, a private social club whose membership included many of the leading men in the city. At that time the second level was primarily a large social space, and the upper floors housed private rooms for the membership. In 1936, the club sold the building to the UMW. It restyled the interior of the building, converting the second floor into a series of meeting spaces and the office of the union president, while the upper levels were used for offices. It also added the sixth floor, removing an elaborate cornice in the process. The UMW vacated the building in 1999, and it has since been adapted for use as a primarily residential space, in part by connecting it to adjoining buildings.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s historic significance comes mainly from its role as the UMW headquarters. The union was a major in lobbying for labor-friendly legislation during the New Deal years, and its president, John L. Lewis, was influential in broader labor organizing, founding the CIO in 1935 when the American Federation of Labor refused to support the organization of semi-skilled laborers. Lewis served as the UMW president from 1920 until 1960.</p><br>
<p>The Babcock–Smith House is a historic house at 124 Granite Street in Westerly, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>The house was built around 1734. Dr. Joshua Babcock, a correspondent with Benjamin Franklin, lived in the house and hosted both Franklin and General George Washington at the home. Babcock served also as a general in the state militia, as a justice on the Rhode Island Supreme Court, and as Westerly&#39;s first postmaster in the 1770s. He operated the post office and a general store out of this house. Babcock died in 1783 and "his family occupied the house until 1817. When his second wife, Anna Maxson Babcock, died in 1812, the property was passed to Dudley Babcock. Dudley, having lost some ships in the war of 1812 and unable to pay some debts, sold the house to his distant cousin, Oliver Wells, in 1817. Mr. Wells used it as a prosperous tenant farm, however the house was allowed to fall into disrepair."</p><br>
<p>Orlando Smith bought the property in 1846; he repaired the house and started a successful granite business based on a granite outcrop he had discovered there.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places and became a museum in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Mary Church Terrell House is a historic house at 326 T Street NW in Washington, D.C. It was a home of civil rights leader Mary Church Terrell , the first black woman to serve on an American school board, and a leading force in the desegragation of public accommodations in the nation&#39;s capital. Her home in the LeDroit Park section of Washington, DC was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1975. The building is a contributing property in the LeDroit Park Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Mary Church Terrell House stands in Washington&#39;s LeDroit Park neighorhood, southeast of Howard University, on the south side of T Street between 3rd and 4th Streets. It is a 2-1/2 story brick half-house, set on a nearly full-height raised basement. The front facade has a single bay, consisting of a polygonal window bay at the basement and first level, and a large segmented-arch window on the second floor. A smaller window is located in the half-gable above, with half of a round window set in a bed of Victorian shingles at the peak. The main entrance is via a porch on the left side; the right side of the building is a plain brick party wall for a non-existent right side.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mary Church Terrell was born in Tennessee and educated at Oberlin College. She became a school teacher in Washington 1887, and married Robert Terrell, a prominent African-American attorney, in 1891. She stopped working at that time, but remained engaged in efforts to improve the districts schools. In 1895 she was appointed to the districts school board, the first African-American woman in the nation to sit on such a board. She served two terms, seeking to improve the quality of the district schools. She was a founder and first president of the National Association of Colored Women, and supported broad-based efforts at achieving womens suffrage. In the 1950s she was involved in efforts to challenge the districts lack of enforcement of public accommodation laws originally passed in the 1870s, participating in actions resulting in the favorable District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co. decision.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>Since the house has been unoccupied for a number of years, the condition was degrading and apparent to even a casual observer. In the summer of 2008 a restoration was started primarily supported in by a grant from the National Park Service Save America&#39;s Treasures program. Additional support came from Howard University, the US Department of Housing and Urban Development, the DC Office of Planning and the National Trust for Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<p>Based on outside observation, it appears the brick work was repaired and re-pointing, major structural problems on outside porches, windows support and trim were fixed, the roof was repaired and the windows were covered properly using plywood. Since this was finished in the Summer of 2009, no more work appears to have been done.</p><br>
<p>The Crowfield Historic District is a small residential historic district in North Kingstown, Rhode Island. It encompasses a cluster of four early 20th-century summer houses, all connected via family or friendship connections to the writer Owen Wister. The occupy a large parcel of land sloping down to the shore of Narragansett Bay on the east side of Boston Neck Road, a short way north of the Jamestown Verrazzano Bridge. The area was named "Crowfield" by Elizabeth Middleton Cope, who built a Shingle-style mansion in 1906. Owen Wister, her uncle, built his house, Champ de Corbeau, in 1909-10 to a design by Grant Lafarge. The Jamieson House was also built in 1906, and was designed by the same architect, James P. Jamieson. The fourth house, Orchard House, was built in 1924. All are Shingle style houses. The compound is unusual for North Kingstown, where most summer estates were isolated individual properties.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Twelfth Street YMCA Building, also known as the Anthony Bowen YMCA, was home to the first African American chapter of the YMCA, founded in 1853 by Anthony Bowen. It is located at 1816 12th Street NW in the Shaw neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The building was reopened on February 20, 2000 as the Thurgood Marshall Center in honor of the first African American Associate Justice to serve on the United States Supreme Court. The Thurgood Marshall Center now serves as a community center for residents of the U Street Corridor and Shaw neighborhoods. The permanent organization of Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc. was established in the Bowen Room.</p><br>
<p>Completed in 1912, the Renaissance Revival building was designed by William Sidney Pittman, one of the United States&#39; first African American architects and a son-in-law of Booker T. Washington. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1994 and is a contributing property to the Greater U Street Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Thurgood Marshall Center is located on the west side of 12th Street NW, between S and T Streets. It is a large rectangular four-story masonry building, built out of red brick with trim of limestone and gray brick. Its main facade is three bays wide, with a center entrance sheltered by a Tuscan portico with entablature, modillioned cornice, and low balustrade above. The ground floor is finished in bands of gray brick arranged to appear as rough stone, while the upper floors are red brick with gray brick corner quoining. Limestone stringcourses serve as a water table between the basement and first floor, between the first and second floors, and above the top floor. The building is crowned by a modillioned and dentillated cornice and a low balustrade. Windows are set in pairs in each bay, with limestone keystones.</p><br>
<p>The international YMCA was founded in Great Britain in 1844, and its first American branch opened in 1851. Anthony Bowen founded the first African-American branch of the organization in 1853 in Washington, one year after a branch for whites was opened in the city. The organization struggled financially in its early years, and was not formally incorporated until 1892. The organization moved into its first permanent home on 11th Street in 1891, which it soon had sell due to declining membership. After a membership drive revitalized the organization, it secured a pledge from John D. Rockefeller Sr. of $25,000, which was matched by fundraising from across the nation&#39;s African-American community. It is believed to be the first such campaign of its type in that community. This building was completed in 1912 to a design by African-American architect William Sidney Pittman.</p><br>
<p>In 1973 the Twelfth Street YMCA was officially renamed the Anthony Bowen YMCA in honor of its founder. It closed in 1982, suffering from declining membership and mounting building maintenance costs. After undergoing restoration, it reopened in 2000 as the Thurgood Marshall Community Center.</p><br>
<p>Dewey Cottage is an historic house at 668 Matunuck Beach Road in South Kingstown, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>The cottage, now operated as the Admiral Dewey Inn, was built in 1898 in a late-Victorian style and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The cottage was named after Commodore George Dewey who in "May of 1898 in Manila, the Philippines...surprised the Spanish Pacific fleet...and destroyed it without suffering a single casualty. The Commodore became an Admiral and hero of the nation. Dewey had been Commander of the Naval War College in Newport, and Rhode Island felt especially proud."</p><br>
<p>Accordingly, "hat same month in Matunuck, Rhode Island, George Irving Champlin and his wife Etta Jane (Tucker) opened their beachfront boardinghouse and named it "The Dewey Cottage" in honor of our hero."</p><br>
<p>Nearly a century later, "n 1988...new owner—Joan LeBel—reopened the fully restored Admiral Dewey Inn. Its rich heritage has established it as a member of the National Historic Register and one of the few remaining Southern New England beach hotels. In 1998 the B&B is celebrated its Centennial, including a display of 100 pink flamingos on the lawn of the Inn."</p><br>
<p>The George Kent Performance Hall  is a historic building at 119 High Street in Westerly, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The building, a rectangular Carpenter Gothic structure, was built as a church in 1886-89 by Patrick Holliday for Immaculate Conception Parish the first Roman Catholic parish in Westerly, founded in 1886. The parish is part of the Diocese of Providence and the church was in use by the parish until 1968, when services were moved to a new and larger structure located about 100 yards south of the old building. The structure was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The building served as the Westerly Center from the Arts from the early 1970s until 1991 when it was purchased by the Chorus of Westerly.</p><br>
<p>In 2005 the building was rededicated as the George Kent Performance Hall. Kent Hall is now owned and operated by the Chorus of Westerly and hosts their symphonic season and programs as well as a variety of other music and arts events. Some private and community activities also take place in the center.</p><br>
<p>Dunmere is a historic estate at 560 Ocean Road in Narragansett, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>The estate, which originally included a 3-1/2 story Queen Anne/Stick style residence, gate house, and other buildings, was designed by John M. Merrick and was built in 1883. Dunmere was commissioned by Robert G. Dun (of Dun and Bradstreet fame) and served as his summer home until his death. It consisted of 13 acre with 500 ft of ocean frontage. Major buildings included the main home, located close to the ocean, The Gardeners Cottage, located atop the hill, overlooking the property, the stable and the impressive stone archyway, traversing Dunmeres entrance gates. In addition to a mosaic swimming pool and vast gardens, Dunmere featured a pond on the waterfront, man-made from an unsightly swamp at the same location. Following a massive and all-engulfing fire of the main house, the property has since been split into three residential properties. Only the Gardener&#39;s Cottage and entrance gates remain standing today.</p><br>
<p>The surviving elements of the estate were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Fort Ninigret is a historic fort or trading post site at Fort Neck Road in Charlestown, Rhode Island, purportedly built and occupied by either Indians or early European settlers in the seventeenth century. At its 1883 Dedication, Commissioner George Carmichael, Jr. referred to it as "the oldest military post on the Atlantic coast."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Archaeological excavations have shown that people lived on Fort Neck long before the Europeans arrived, although this was never a large village. But around 1620, many Niantic people settled at this place (cousins and allies of the larger Narragansett tribe), growing corn, making wampum (shell beads used as money by the Europeans), and trading with the Dutch and the English for such things as beads, pipes, and copper kettles. By the 1630s, the Niantics had a young and powerful sachem named Ninigret, for whom the fort was later named.</p><br>
<p>Most historians believe that the fort was built by the Dutch West India Company or by Portuguese explorers prior to 1637, in addition to the earlier trading post on nearby Dutch Island. One of the first printed references to Dutch forts in Rhode Island was Samuel Arnold&#39;s 1858 History of the State of Rhode Island. According to historian Manuel da Silva:</p><br>
<p>The fort is rectangular with the corners terminating in five-sided bastions, except for the one facing the water. It measures 152 feet long (from bastion to bastion) and 137 feet wide. The angles of the bastions are approximately 130 degrees. No one doubts that the style in which the fort is built clearly shows the influence of European civilization.</p><br>
<p>In 1921−22, a European sword and cannon were found at an Indian cemetery near the site, along with many other grave goods, which might lend credence to the theory that this was a European fort. The artifacts are now in the possession of the Rhode Island Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>King Philips War (1675–76) cemented Colonial rule over most of the Indian lands of Rhode Island, but a reservation was set aside for the tribe encompassing much of todays Charlestown. Many Narragansetts had joined Ninigret&#39;s people for safety, and soon the name Niantic fell out of use. At Fort Ninigret, tribal members lived in wigwams into the 18th century. Nearby stood the European-style house of the sachems, who sold off tribal property to the Colonists to pay their debts. By the 19th century, Fort Neck was the last piece of land held in common by the Narragansett tribe which had access to salt water.</p><br>
<p>In 1883, the state abolished relations with the tribe, instead conferring upon its members the rights and duties of US citizenship. As part of this process, the state transformed the remains of Fort Ninigret into a monument to the 250 years of positive relations between the Narragansett Indians (and their modern descendants) with their non-Indian neighbors. The state reshaped the earthen banks of the fort, under the direction of the commissioners of the Narragansett Indian Tribe, planted evergreens, and erected an iron fence along the outlines of the old fort. A boulder was moved from the nearby hills and inscribed with these words:</p><br>
<p>Fort Ninigret</p><br>
<p>Memorial of the Narragansett and Niantic Indians</p><br>
<p>Unwavering Friends and Allies of Our Fathers</p><br>
<p>Erected by the State of Rhode Island</p><br>
<p>Dwight R. Adams, William P. Sheffield, Jr., George Carmichael, Jr.: Comrs</p><br>
<p>1883</p><br>
<p>Gideon L. Ammons and Joshua H. Noka spoke at the monument’s dedication, both members of the Indian Council.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, the federal government acknowledged that the Narragansetts were still alive and well in Rhode Island, and they were once again recognized as a tribe. Today Fort Ninigret is maintained by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management and the Charlestown Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>Fort Ninigret was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. Archaeological excavations were conducted there during the 1970s by the Rhode Island Historical Preservation Commission and by archaeologists from New York University.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>Gardencourt is an historic home at 10 Gibson Avenue in Narragansett, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>The house was designed by William Gibbons Preston in Shingle style and built for businessman Charles E. Pope in 1888. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The first floor is built of large fieldstone, with a wood-frame shingled second floor. The roof is gabled, descending to the first floor to shelter a (now enclosed) porch. The roof is pierced by a small eyebrow window. A two-story wing extends to the south of the building.</p><br>
<p>Preston designed Gardencourt as one of a group of five structures, but the others were never built. However, the historic house is now encompassed by the Gibson Court condominium complex, consisting of several similarly-styled buildings constructed in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The R.R. Gardner House is a historic house located at 700 Curtis Corner Road in South Kingstown, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The 2-1/2 story wood frame house was built in 1896 and extended in the early 20th century with an ell to the rear. The main block has a cross-gable roof configuration, and features the irregular styling that typifies the then popular Queen Anne style. The house is a local example of a country estate house built in a rural setting. The property includes a barn that is contemporary to the house, to which an older Cape-style farmhouse is connected, and a former one-room schoolhouse which was converted into a caretaker&#39;s residence.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Gladstone Springhouse and Bottling Plant is an historic water bottling facility at 145a Boon Street in Narragansett, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>The springhouse was constructed in 1899 by T. G. Hazard, Jr. The bottling plant building may date from as early as 1911. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The springhouse collects the water of Gladstone Springs. It contains about seven and a half feet of water. It is a round stone structure, 30 ft in diameter and standing only about 18 in above grade, and is covered by a conical roof. A projecting gable-roof dormer contains the doorway to the building.</p><br>
<p>Southwest of the spring house stands a two-story wood frame structure with a large single-story concrete-block addition, which has seen a variety of uses. The first floor is believed to have originally housed offices, but has been converted to apartments. The upstairs appears to have always been an apartment, probably for the facility manager. The concrete block structure is where bottling and shipping took place.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The availability of fresh spring water via Gladstone Springs was significant to the development of Narragansett Pier, Rhode Island, as a resort area in the decades following the Civil War. In 1899, T. G. Hazard, Jr., built the springhouse to enlarge and cover a pit previously used to collect the spring water.</p><br>
<p>In 1911, the property was purchased by Syria W. Mathewson, William R. Sweet, and Frederick C. Olney, who formed the Gladstone Springs Water Company. They built the bottling plant structure and enlarged the facilities, intending to begin the production of bottled sodas as well as spring water.</p><br>
<p>The Historic Village of the Narragansetts in Charlestown is an historic district in Charlestown, Rhode Island encompassing what were for nearly two centuries the reservation lands of the Narragansett people. The district covers 5,600 acre and is bounded by Route 112 on the east, USA Route 1 on the south, King&#39;s Factory Road  on the west, and Route 91 on the north. These lands served as the Narragansett reservation between 1709 and 1880, when the tribe sold the land to the state and was formally detribalized. Because of this long period of Native occupation, the area is archaeologically important, containing both historic and prehistoric artifacts. The Narragansetts have since received federal recognition.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Hope Village Historic District encompasses a historic mill village located in Scituate, Rhode Island. Located on a bend in the Pawtuxet River in southeastern Scituate, the area has seen industrial activity since the 18th century, and has surviving industrial and residential buildings from the early 19th century. The village is centered on the junction of Main Street  and North Road , and radiates out from there, with numerous properties on smaller side streets. The present main mill building was built in 1844 by Brown & Ives, operators of numerous Rhode Island textile mills. Approximately 1/4 of the village&#39;s housing stock originated as mill worker housing built by the company.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 8, 1995.</p><br>
<p>Hopkinton City Historic District is a historic district encompassing the town center of Hopkinton, Rhode Island. The district is centered on the junction of Rhode Island Route 3 with Woodville Road, Clark Falls Road, Townhouse Road, and Old Rockville Road. It is a relatively modest town center, with twenty residences, two church buildings , the town hall, and post office. The most imposing house in the district is the Thurston-Wells House, a c. 1800 structure which was given a Victorian treatment in the mid-19th century; it stands opposite the 1836 Greek Revival First Baptist Church. The area was a major stop on the stagecoach route , and was eclipsed in the 20th century by the construction of Interstate 95, which passes nearby.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Hygeia House is a historic vacation home on Beach Avenue on Block Island .</p><br>
<p>It is a 2-3 story wood frame structure, four bays wide, with a mansard roof. The building presents 2-1/2 stories to the front, with a row of four dormers in the roof, and a porch extending the full width of the front, and wrapping around to the right to join a projecting section of the main block.</p><br>
<p>The hotel was built in 1885, and operated as the Seaside House at a location about 150 yard south of its present location. It was moved here in 1907, to what were then the grounds of the Hygeia Hotel, a much larger hotel which burned down in 1916.</p><br>
<p>The Hygeia&#39;s owner, Dr. John Champlin, had his medical office in this building, and continued to rent rooms to summer visitors. It was used as employee housing for other tourist facilities for many years.</p><br>
<p>The Hygeia has been renovated as an entire vacation rental home.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Jeffrey House is an historic house on Old Mill Road in Charlestown, Rhode Island. It is located on the east side of Old Mill Road, just south of Saw Mill Pond and Sawmill Brook, on a predominantly wooded 9.5 acre lot. The main house is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure with a gambrel roof and central chimney, with a small gable-roof ell to the northeast. The oldest portion of the main block appears to be the easterly side, which rests on an old stone foundation, and exhibits construction methods typical of the second quarter of the 18th century. The house was probably built by Joseph Jeffrey, a Narragansett, on land granted to him by the tribe, whose advisory council he sat on.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Lafayette Village is a historic district extending along Ten Rod Road in North Kingstown, Rhode Island. It encompasses a linear rural and industrial village, running from the Wickford Junction railroad crossing in the west to Angel Avenue in the east, and includes a number of residential properties on adjacent side streets. The centerpiece of the district is the Rodman Manufacturing Company complex, which operated here for a century beginning in the 1840s. The Robert Rodman Mansion, a Second Empire house with an elaborate porch, stands at 731 Ten Rod Road, and the Walter Rodman House, built in the 1870s, is even more elaborately decorated. Most of the residential stock in the district is mill-related housing built by the Rodmans for their workers.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Simon Lillibridge Farm is an historic farm property at 75 Summit Road in Exeter, Rhode Island. The 38 acre property is all that remains of an original 200 acre parcel purchased by Simon Lillibridge in the 1810s. The main house, a two-story wood frame structure, was either built by Lillibridge, or was already on the property when he bought it. Architectural analysis of the house suggests that at least portions of it were built in the 18th century, with hand-hewn  beams, and other stylistic elements suggesting construction during the Georgian period. The farm complex includes other 19th-century buildings, including a barn, shed, wagon shed, and outhouse, as well as a family cemetery. The property was in regular agricultural use until about 1935, and was used thereafter as a summer residence.</p><br>
<p>The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Lewis–Card–Perry House is a historic house at 12 Margin Street in Westerly, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The 1-1/2 story Cape style house was built sometime in the 18th century, possibly as early as 1700. By 1905, the house had deteriorated and a portion was demolished. In 1929, Harvey and Lydia Perry hired the noted architect and preservationist Norman Isham to restore the remaining structure and reconstruct the original south end. The house is significant as a well-preserved example of a Colonial Revival restoration of a colonial-era house by a noted architect. Some of its present material is original to the 18th-century house, but much of its structure is derived from either new materials, or materials salvaged from other similar properties nearby.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 4, 2005.</p><br>
<p>The William Davis Miller House is an historic estate at 130 Main Street in the Wakefield village of South Kingstown, Rhode Island. The estate consists of 10.7 acre of land, on which stand a substantial house, garage and water tank, all built in the mid-1930s. The property was designed by Providence architect Albert Harkness and built for William Davis Miller and Mary  Miller. Miller was a social and civic force in Providence, serving as a trustee of Brown University, the Providence Public Libraries, and as president of the Rhode Island Historical Society, and was a longtime friend of Harkness. The Colonial Revival estate Harkness designed for the Millers typifies the type of country estates that were built in Rhode Island in the period.</p><br>
<p>The estate was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The property was placed for sale in 2012, at which time the address was listed as 571 Main Street.</p><br>
<p>In 2014, a proposal was brought to the South Kingstown Planning Board to convert the Miller property, along with other adjacent properties, to a 48-unit multi-household development. The redevelopment proposal was denied in October 2014.</p><br>
<p>Narragansett Baptist Church  is an historic Baptist church building located at 170 South Ferry Road, in Narragansett, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The wooden church was designed by Thomas A. Tefft in the Carpenter Gothic style, and built in 1850.</p><br>
<p>South Ferry was a thriving textile village in the mid-nineteenth century, but by 1908 the Baptist congregation moved to a building 1 mile away.</p><br>
<p>The South Ferry Memorial Society acquired and maintained the building for the next 65 years.</p><br>
<p>The building was extensively repaired after suffering damage during the Hurricane of 1938. In 1974 the University of Rhode Island received title to the property, and the building is currently maintained by a private non-profit, Friends of the South Ferry Church.</p><br>
<p>The church building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>The Coast Guard House is an historic lifesaving station at 40 Ocean Road in Narragansett, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>The station was built in 1888 by McKim, Mead, and White, during the heyday of Narragansett Pier as a summer resort community. It is a roughly oblong block, semicircular at its north end, with a steep slate roof that curves with the line of the wall at the north end. The building served as a lifesaving station from 1888 to 1946, and was converted to a restaurant in the 1960s. This resulted in the addition of a large dining area to the south and east, and the leveling of the floor in the boat storage area. The southern end of the second floor was damaged by fire in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Stephen Northup House  is a historic house at 99 Featherbed Lane in North Kingstown, Rhode Island.The Stephen Northrup House is actually the Stephen Northup House  and appears to be improperly recorded in the Register of Historic Places. Additionally, the house is listed as built in 1712 by Stephen Northup Jr. who is actually most likely the second owner resident on this property. Stephen Northup  came to America in 1650 building a home on this land in 1660. Due to the destruction during King Phillips War, there is speculation about whether the original Northup home survived the local Native American attacks which burned many settlers properties to the ground. However, extensive renovation and property study indicates the southwestern portion of the home is original to the 1660 building standards with additions made around 1712 and 1850. The present home may have portions of its current form rooted in the year 1660.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original house on the site may have been built in 1660 with an addition around 1712 most likely completed by Stephen Northup Jr. The original building may have burned during King Philip&#39;s War, which destroyed most of the houses in the state in the 1670s. Later owners made additions to the structure. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The house is owned by the Bogue family. They have added two sizable additions to the house and have restored all of the interior.</p><br>
<h2>Stephen Northup family</h2><br>
<p>In 1645 Stephen Northup emigrated from Great Britain to New England. He became the Town Sergeant of Providence in 1660, and took an Oath of Allegiance on 19 May 1671 in Kingstowne. Stephen Northup Jr. was born 1660, the first son of Stephen Northup Sr. Stephen Northup Sr. lived at North Kingston but conflicting records have him living in Providence at the same time.</p><br>
<p>He was granted a plot of land (25 acres) on October 2, 1655 by the "Towne Meeting of Providence, R.I." At another "Towne Meeting" on Aug 27, 1656, he was granted commonage equal to any other townsman, the right to vote, the right of being a "freeman" and proprietor in the town of Providence. On February 8, 1662 Northup Sr. sold a plot of land (possibly that same 25 acres) in the Providence region and moved to Kingstowne.</p><br>
<p>What is known is the Northup family started with the seniors marriage to Sarah Elizabeth Harrington in about 1654, and gave birth to their first child (Stephen Jr.) in 1660 with records indicating birth in the town of Kingstowne (North Kingstown) and Providence. Stephen Sr. officially moved to Kingstowne in 1662 but clearly had an established residence in place since his second son, Benjamin, was born that same year in the town of North Kingstown (according to town records). The likely scenario of events to help to accurately date this home is to project that Stephen Sr. acquired the North Kingstown property at, or around, the year of 1660 with the intention of moving his new family there. However, his official record of North Kingstown residency is not until 1662. With these facts at hand, one can surmise that during this two-year period, Northup prepared his North Kingstown property for construction of his home completing it early 1662. This places the actual beginning construction of the Stephen Northup House within the time period of 1660, or 1661.</p><br>
<p>The Old Harbor Historic District is an historic district in the resort community of New Shoreham on Block Island off the southern coast of Rhode Island. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean and Main Street, it includes Spring, High, and Water streets as well. There are 42 buildings listed in the district, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>District buildings</h2><br>
<p>Chapel Street</p><br>
<p>Site of First Baptist Church</p><br>
<p>Saint Andrews Roman Catholic Church, c.1900</p><br>
<p>Dodge Street</p><br>
<p>Surf Hotel, c. 1876</p><br>
<p>Blue Dory Inn, c. 1870</p><br>
<p>Drug Store, c. 1870</p><br>
<p>Olsen’s Cottage, c. 1875</p><br>
<p>Rose Store, c. 1875</p><br>
<p>Gothic Cottage, c. 1880</p><br>
<p>Andrew. Dodge House, c. 1800</p><br>
<p>Leslie Dodge House (The Gables Inn), c. 1860</p><br>
<p>J. Hooper House, c. 1750</p><br>
<p>Mansard House, c. 1875</p><br>
<p>High Street</p><br>
<p>House, c. 1870</p><br>
<p>Union Hotel, 1883</p><br>
<p>Hartford Hotel, c. 1880</p><br>
<p>Mitchell Cottage, c. 1865</p><br>
<p>Masonic Lodge, c. 1876</p><br>
<p>Perry Cottage, c. 1890</p><br>
<p>Bellevue Hotel, c. 1885</p><br>
<p>Eureka Hotel, c. 1880</p><br>
<p>Highland House, c. 1890</p><br>
<p>Main Street</p><br>
<p>Woonsocket House (Block Island Historical Society), c. 1875</p><br>
<p>Woonsocket House (Annex Block Island Inn), c. 1880</p><br>
<p>The Yellow Kittens, c. 1890</p><br>
<p>Spring Street</p><br>
<p>Adrian Hotel (First Baptist Church), 1886</p><br>
<p>Hotel Manisses, 1882</p><br>
<p>1661 Inn, c. 1870</p><br>
<p>Rose Cottage, c. 1880</p><br>
<p>Atlantic Hotel Norwich Hotel, c. 1880</p><br>
<p>House, c. 1885</p><br>
<p>Spring House and Annex, 1852/c. 1872</p><br>
<p>Water Street</p><br>
<p>New National Hotel, 1888/1904</p><br>
<p>Narragansett Hotel, c. 1875/c. 19O8</p><br>
<p>Ocean Cottage New Shoreham Hotel, c. 1875/c. 1910</p><br>
<p>Pequot House, 1882</p><br>
<p>Odd Fellows Hall, 1872</p><br>
<p>Norton’s Cottage Dept. Store, c. 189O</p><br>
<p>Roller Skating Rink Empire Theatre, c. 188O</p><br>
<p>City Drug Store, c. 1880</p><br>
<p>C. C. Ball General Store, c. 1880</p><br>
<p>Shamrock Inn Ocean View Annex, c. 1875</p><br>
<p>Site of Ocean View Hotel</p><br>
<p>The Old Narragansett Cemetery is an historic cemetery on Shermantown Road in North Kingstown, Rhode Island. Variant names for the cemetery include Narragansett Cemetery, Platform Cemetery, and The Platform Cemetery. The cemetery occupies a 1.2 acre plot about 300 ft south of Shermantown Road, roughly midway between its two junctions with Mourning Dove Drive. It was established early in the 18th century, and is one of North Kingstown&#39;s oldest and longest-used cemeteries. It has 110 marked graves, and was used from its establishment c. 1705 to the 1880s. The most prominent memorials are to James MacSparran and Samuel Fayerweather, two long-serving ministers at the Old Narragansett Church, which stood nearby when it was built in 1706.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Palmer–Northrup House  is an historic house at 7919 Post Road in North Kingstown, Rhode Island. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, and is one of a small number of surviving stone ender houses in the state. Its architecture suggests it was built in the 17th century, either around the time of King Philips War  or possibly even earlier. The oldest portion of the house, including its massive fieldstone chimney, are relatively intact despite later additions around 1740 that significantly enlarged the house. The house stands across the street from Smiths Castle, a house of similar vintage which was built on the site of a trading post established by Roger Williams in 1637.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Battle of Tebbs Bend Monument in Taylor County, Kentucky, near Campbellsville, Kentucky, commemorates the Battle of Tebbs Bend, which occurred on July 4, 1863 during the Civil War. The battle was essentially a Union victory, as it greatly delayed John Hunt Morgans famous Raid that would later go into Indiana and Ohio.</p><br>
<p>After the battle, graves of fallen Confederate soldiers were placed around the area. During the battle, James Madison Griffin had seen his house used as a hospital. In 1872 he decided to donate some land for the use of a Confederate cemetery. Various troops were reinterred here, and the monument was placed as the focus point of this small cemetery. In 1872, a public subscription sought funds to build a memorial in memory of the Confederate soldiers located there. The original monument, which cost $500, was a simple granite obelisk with inscription and a small base. On June 3, 1911, over 4,000 people from the surrounding counties gathered for Confederate Decoration Day at the monument, with the keynote speakers being ex-Union officers. The monument eventually fell into disrepair. It would be restored in the 1930s, with the enclosure gone and the obelisk placed on a wide concrete base. The state of Michigan has a historical marker at the site as well, commemorating the Union soldiers from Michigan who defended the area; most were immigrants from the Netherlands, and were given their battle commands in Dutch.</p><br>
<p>On July 17, 1997, the Confederate Monument in Harrodsburg was one of sixty-one different monuments related to the Civil War in Kentucky placed on the National Register of Historic Places, as part of the Civil War Monuments of Kentucky Multiple Property Submission.</p><br>
<p>The Commodore Oliver Perry Farm is an historic farm on United States Route 1 in South Kingstown, Rhode Island. The farm consists of 250 acre of rolling fields and woodlands on the west side of the road. The main farm complex includes a wood-frame house, barn , a caretaker&#39;s residence, and a number of other outbuildings, accessed via a winding private lane. The main house, a two-story gambrel-roofed structure, is of uncertain construction date, and is generally dated to either 1785 or 1815. It has been extensively altered, and been the subject of well-meaning but historically problematic restorations in the first half of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The propertys significance lies in its association with members of the Perry family, specifically Oliver Hazard Perry, the United States Navy commodore responsible for the American victory in the 1813 Battle of Lake Erie, and Admiral Matthew C. Perry, who was responsible for the Opening of Japan in 1854. It is plausible that Oliver Hazard Perry was born on this property, which belonged to his grandfather, and that he built the now-standing house on the site of his grandfathers mansion after acquiring the property at auction in 1814. The property was acquired in 1865 by George Tiffany, the son-in-law of Matthew Perry, and was used as a rental property until the 1920s. In the late 1920s it underwent a "restoration" guided by Tiffany&#39;s widow, which brought the house interior into a romanticized Colonial Revival state, and was open for a time as a museum to the two leading figures of the Perry family. After again falling into decline, it underwent a second rehabilitation in 1944-45 by private owners.</p><br>
<p>A 21 acre area of the farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Pierce Farm is an historic farm at 933 Gilbert Stuart Road in North Kingstown, Rhode Island. It consists of 18 acre of land, along with an 18th-century farmhouse and a number of 19th-century outbuildings. The oldest portion of the house, its southern ell, was originally built with a gable roof, but this was extended to the north in the late 18th or early 19th century, and given it present gambrel roof and Federal styling. Later additions in the 19th and 20th centuries gave the house its present cruciform appearance. Outbuildings dating to the 19th century include a barn with attached privy, a toolshed, and a henhouse. The complex is a well-preserved reminder of the area&#39;s rural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Esbon Sanford House is an historic house at 88 Featherbed Lane in North Kingstown, Rhode Island. It is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a central chimney and simple Federal-Greek Revival transitional styling. The main entry, centered on the front facade, is framed by small sidelight windows and pilasters, and is topped by an entablature. The most unusual feature of the house relates to its chimney: despite its central location, the interior of the house is organized in a central hall plan, with the flues of the flanking chambers rising at an angle and joining in the attic space to form the single chimney seen outside. The house was probably built in 1832 by Esbon Sanford, who established a textile mill nearby that same year.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Shannock Historic District is a historic mill village located along the Pawcatuck River in the towns of Richmond and Charlestown, Rhode Island. The postal code for Shannock is 02875. The village extends along Old Shannock Road, Railroad Street, and Shannock Village Road between two crossings of the Pawcatuck, which forms the border between the two towns. It lies mainly in Richmond, but extends along the road running southwest and southeast from the two crossings. Two mill complexes are the visual focal points of the village: the Carmichael plant on the west, and the Columbia Narrow Fabrics Company complex near the village center. The buildings in the village are predominantly residential worker housing set close to the road, which were built in the second half of the 19th century. There are two imposing Greek Revival houses, both built c. 1850, and one Late Victorian house, all of which belonged to mill owners. The area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Sheffield House is an historic house on Beach Road in the Quonochontaug section of Charlestown, Washington County, Rhode Island. It is a -story, wood-shingled, gambrel-roofed residence, with a large, stone chimney; a simple entry at the left side of a 3-bay, south-facing façade; and a 1-story wing at the left side. The house was probably built between 1685 and 1713, probably by Joseph Stanton , the third son of Thomas Stanton , one of the original settlers in this area. Joseph’s son Thomas , had no surviving sons, so the farm was deeded in 1753 to his son-in-law Nathaniel Sheffield  the husband of Rebecca Stanton . Today the house is called the Stanton-Sheffield house.</p><br>
<p>Since 1845, when the Sheffields sold the house, it has been in the hands of several owners, all of whom have respected its integrity. The Sheffield House is an outstanding example of a Rhode Island farmhouse which has remained relatively unaltered from its construction at the turn of the 17th century. Said to be the oldest home in Charlestown and in an excellent state of preservation, it is a living document of early settlement and vernacular architect.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Six Principle Baptist Church  is a historic church at 921 Old Baptist Road in North Kingstown, Rhode Island. As of 2009 it was one of the last surviving historical congregations of the Six Principle Baptist denomination and one of the oldest churches in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery and meeting house date to approximately 1703 when the land was deeded for use as meeting house. General Six-Principle Baptists were a denomination that developed out of the First Baptist Church in America in Providence. Rhode Island founder Roger Williams was active in both Providence and nearby North Kingstown (Wickford) during this period. The permanent congregation in North Kingstown was likely founded after 1664 when Reverend Thomas Baker, a member of the Newport congregation, removed to North Kingstown. The meeting house underwent major renovations in a Greek Revival style in 1842 although the original 18th century core of the building is believed to be present underneath the Greek Revival modifications. The church building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. As of 2009 the church still holds weekly Sunday morning services at 10:30AM, and the pastor is John Wheeler.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Church is a historic church at 55 Main Street in the village of Wickford within the town of North Kingstown, Rhode Island. It is a single story Romanesque Revival structure, designed by Rhode Island architect Thomas Tefft and built in 1847. Its main rectangular block has a gable roof, and narrow round-arch windows on the side walls with molded surrounds. The front of the church is asymmetrical, with the tower on the left and its entry slightly off-center between the tower and a small projecting narthex area. The square tower has single narrow round-arch windows on the first level, paired round-arch windows on the second, and clock faces on the third. A roof skirt rises to an open octagonal belfry, which is capped by a steeple and spire.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Stanton House, also known as the Wilcox Tavern, is an historic house at 5153 Old Post Road  in Charlestown, Rhode Island. The main house, a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, was built sometime before 1739 by Joseph Stanton II, and it is where his son, Joseph Stanton, Jr., was born. The exterior has a relatively plain finish, except for its front door surround, a 19th-century Greek Revival alteration, with sidelight windows and pilasters supporting an entablature. A c. 1930s addition to the rear of the house provides additional space for modern restaurant facilities. The house belonged to Stanton, Jr., one of Rhode Island&#39;s first United States Senators, until 1811. He sold it to Edward Wilcox, who began operating a tavern on the premises. An obelisk memorializing Stanton stands nearby.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Wyoming is a village and census-designated place on the Wood River in southern Rhode Island, primarily in the town of Richmond, but extending north across the river  into the town of Hopkinton. It is the site of the Wyoming Village Historic District and a post office location, assigned ZIP code 02898.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village was first settled in 1757 and was the site of industrial activity early in its history due to the ready availability of hydropower from the river. Brand’s Iron Works already existed on the Hopkinton side of the river as of 1787. A textile mill known as Brothers Cotton Mill was established on the Richmond side of Wyoming in 1814. A stagecoach road, the New London Turnpike (now Rhode Island Route 3), was built through the area in the following year. Also in 1815 a tavern was established on the Richmond side of the river to serve travelers on the turnpike. Two more textile mills were built on the Richmond, circa 1830 and 1845; they were later destroyed by fire.</p><br>
<p>In 1970, Interstate 95 was constructed a short distance east of Wyoming, with an exit close to the village. Proximity of the highway has led to commercial and residential development in and near the village.</p><br>
<h3>Historic district</h3><br>
<p>The Wyoming Village Historic District is a historic district roughly bounded by Rhode Island Routes 138 and 3, Old Nooseneck Hill Road, Bridge and Prospect Streets in Richmond. The district, which includes Brand&#39;s Ironworks, includes examples of Greek Revival, Late Victorian, and Federal architecture and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Prospect Street on the Hopkinton side of the river is a residential neighborhood that grew up in the mid-19th century in connection with the growth of the textile industry in Wyoming; it includes several Greek Revival houses built between 1846 and 1850. The historic district covers properties in both the towns of Richmond and Hopkinton, with a total area of 570 acre, almost one square mile.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>The portion of Wyoming in the town of Hopkinton is included in the census-designated place of Hope Valley.</p><br>
<p>Windmill Cottage is a historic house and former windmill at 144 Division Street in East Greenwich, Rhode Island. It was the home of George Washington Greene, a former American consul to Rome and historian. It was purchased for Greene by his friend, the poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built around 1790. Poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow bought the cottage in 1866 for his friend, historian George Washington Greene, and had a circa&ndash;1818 windmill moved to the site in 1870 and attached to the cottage. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Longfellow first met Greene while traveling from Toulon to Pisa. Greene had moved to Italy for his health and the two bonded over a common interest in Italian language, antiquities, and contemporary art. It was Greene who first introduced Longfellow to the Italian poet Dante Alighieri. In the 1860s, Greene was one of the members of the "Dante Club", a group of scholars who assisted Longfellow in his translation of Divine Comedy.</p><br>
<p>The windmill allegedly inspired Longfellows poem, "The Windmill." About ten years after it was attached to the home, Longfellow sent Greene a copy of the poem and, in a letter dated April 18, 1880, speculated "I think this is the first ever poem on the subject." It was published in The Youths Companion issue for May 27, 1880, edited by Hezekiah Butterworth.</p><br>
<p>The Hiram W. Johnson House, also known as Mountjoy Bayly House, Chaplains Memorial Building or Parkington, is an historic house at 122 Maryland Avenue, Northeast, Washington, D.C., in the Capitol Hill neighborhood. Built about 1822, it is most notable as the home of Hiram Johnson , a prominent force in the Progressive Party of the early 20th century and its Vice Presidential candidate under Theodore Roosevelt in the 1912 election. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976, and contributing property to the Capitol Hill Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Hiram W. Johnson House is located on Capitol Hill, occupying a parcel bounded on the north by Constitution Avenue and the south by Maryland Avenue. It is just north of the United States Supreme Court and south of the Hart Senate Office Building, and is oriented facing south toward Maryland Avenue. It is a 2-1/2 story brick building (painted white), with a raised basement and a mansard roof providing a full third floor. Its main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance accessed via side-facing stairs. The entrance surround has pilasters rising to a bracketed segmental-arch pediment. First-floor windows are elongated, and topped by headers decorated with swags. Second-floor windows are topped by splayed lintels with keystones, and have shallow wrought iron balconies.</p><br>
<p>The house was built sometime after the War of 1812 in a Federal style, and was later given its present Second Empire treatment. It was the residence of the second Sergeant at Arms of the Senate, General Mountjoy Bayly. From 1899 to 1924 it was home to an appellate court judge, and it was briefly owned by a band of the Schwarzenau Brethren before it was purchased in 1929 by Hiram Johnson. Owners or occupants since then have included the American Civil Liberties Union and the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee.</p><br>
<p>Johnson was a politician from California, and a leading voice of progressivism and reform in the Republican Party for many years. He served as Governor of California, implementing a sweeping progressive agenda, and was a founder of the Progressive Party that contested the 1912 election with Johnson as its Vice Presidential candidate. In the 1930s Johnson supported the Democratic New Deal programs. He was also a maverick on foreign policy, steadfastly taking isolationist positions before and after both world wars.</p><br>
<p>The Armory of the Kentish Guards is a historic armory at Armory and Peirce Streets in East Greenwich, Rhode Island and is currently home to the Kentish Guards, a historic state militia organization.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Kentish Guards were founded in 1774 just prior to the American Revolution. The Greek Revival armory building was constructed in 1843 with a $1,000 public grant from the Rhode Island General Assembly to the Kentish Guards for their aid in the Dorr Rebellion in 1842. In 1970 the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Collections</h2><br>
<p>The Armory contains a gallery of pictures featuring former members of the Guard. The original charter hangs on the wall as a lasting reminder and a memorial to those men who organized the Kentish Guards in 1774.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting</h2><br>
<p>The Kentish Guards Armory may be visited on Tuesdays, when the militia company meets, and Wednesdays, when the fife & drum rehearses, both around 8:00 pm (except during holiday periods) and by special appointment. Visit for more information.</p><br>
<h2>Notable Kentish Guards</h2><br>
<p>James Mitchell Varnum, Colonel and First Commander of the Kentish Guards, general during American Revolution</p><br>
<p>Nathanael Greene, private in the Kentish Guards (rank limited due to a limp and lack of formal education), Major General during American Revolution</p><br>
<p>Christopher Greene, legislator, soldier</p><br>
<p>The Richard Briggs Farm is a historic farm at 830 South Road in East Greenwich, Rhode Island. The 72 acre farm, established in 1704 by Richard Briggs on land given to him by his father, who had acquired it in the 1670s. The farm is one of the oldest in the town, and is one of its few remaining farms that is still largely intact. Construction of the core of the main house, a 2-1/2 story timber frame structure with a large central chimney, was traditionally ascribed to Briggs, but architectural evidence suggests it was built c. 1735-55, probably by Briggs son John after his fathers death. This structure has had two major additions, an ell to the west built c. 1820-50, and a northern ell built in the 1930s and further extended in following decades. The property includes a barn which may be contemporaneous to the original house.</p><br>
<p>The farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Buttonwoods Beach Historic District is a historic district bounded by Brush Neck Cove, Greenwich Bay, Cooper and Promenade Avenues in Warwick, Rhode Island. "Old Buttonwoods" is a bucolic neighborhood on the eastern limb of the Nausauket neck, located in the West Bay area of Warwick, Rhode Island. Buttonwoods is delimited by Nausauket and Apponaug to the west, Buttonwoods Cove to the north, Greenwich  Bay to the south and Oakland Beach to the east. The Old Buttonwoods section of Warwick was founded as a summer colony in 1871 by the Rev. Moses Bixby of Providence’s Cranston Street Baptist Church, who was looking for a place to establish a summer colony by the shore for his congregation. He envisioned a community that would be similar to Oak Bluffs on Martha&#39;s Vineyard, where the Methodists established a summer campground in 1835. Today, this coastal neighborhood on Greenwich Bay is home to people from many different religious backgrounds.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prior to locating to Cranston, RI in 1870, Moses Bixby spent ten years as a Christian missionary in Burma and Siam. He founded the First Shan Church in Toungoo, Burma in 1862 among the Tai people there (the Shan). This church has survived until modern times and is doing well. As of 2009, there are currently 92 Shan churches attributed to his efforts to build</p><br>
<p>Bixby and his fellow missionaries met with the King of Siam in 1862 and obtained his blessing to teach English to the Shan living in that kingdom. This was the year that Anna Leonowens was introduced to the king and became his Royal governess and English teacher. Local folklore attributes Bixby to have been the facilitator of that engagement documented in the book called Anna and The King of Siam.</p><br>
<p>Missionary records show that Mr. Bixbys assistant was Miss A. R. (Anna) Gage, Bixbys wife&#39;s sister. She stayed in Burma and founded a girls school there in 1873 to teach the Burmese girls the English language. Anna Gage stayed in Burma for many years giving Moses Bixby a family connection to his former mission.</p><br>
<p>When Bixby arrived in Cranston, he linked up with Lodowick Brayton. Brayton was a successful industrialist and investor who bought the old Friends (Quaker) Meeting House, said to be the first church in Cranston, in 1866. He set up a Sunday school in the building. This was also the location of the first May Breakfast in Rhode Island established one year later by Mrs. Ruby King to raise money for a new church. Jeannie Bixby Johnson, Silver Burdett and Company, 1904, shows that Bixby founded the Cranston Street Baptist Church in November, 1870, upon his return from Burma. Bixby expanded Brayton&#39;s Sunday school into a church of 50 or so members and relocated to Cranston Street. Within a year, three investors acting as trustees, Lodowick Brayton, The Rev. Jonathan Brayton, and Andrew Comstock purchased the Buttonwoods campground in Warwick for $10,000. An early plat of the campgrounds shows the laying out of 1,026 lots on 420 acre of land and a large tabernacle. According to the cartographer, this map "is advertising the sale of lots in Section No. 3.".</p><br>
<p>In A Walking Tour of Buttonwoods Beach, written by Robert O. Jones of the Rhode Island Historical Preservation and Heritage Commission, he reports that the “shore bordering the Greene Farms at Nassauket (actually Baker’s Creek) became a popular destination for excursions. Travelers came by steamboat or by wagon overland from the Apponaug train depot. In the 1830s the Kinnecom family, a group registered with the Narragansett Indian Tribe, started to hold clambakes on the Greene property, the earliest-known effort to make a commercial success of what had been a long-standing Rhode Island social and culinary tradition. The vicinity was also a favored place for church outings. The area was first called Buttonwoods at this time, named for the many buttonwood trees that once grew here.”</p><br>
<p>Just how popular the Buttonwoods destination was for the public in the 1880s is made clear in a representation to the Warwick Town Council by John G. Bissell and others regarding the “Road used by Buttonwood Beach Ass’n for Horse railroad” on October 18, 1881. Apparently this railroad was being torn up at that time. Bissell and others quitclaimed their interest in this road so that it might continue to be “used by thousands for a carriage road.” Even in the old days there were traffic jams on the roads to the shore, it seems.</p><br>
<p>The plan for the Buttonwoods site now located at the Rhode Island Historical Society in Providence called for 1,000 or so land parcels to be sold to Baptists from around the region. Lodowick joined with his brother Jonathan and with Andrew Comstock to secure the $10,000 in financing for this enterprise. This would be the equivalent of hundreds of millions in today&#39;s dollars, a large real estate development. Much of the cash investment came from the Brayton family (railroaders and steel dealers and investor in the Colvin loom. The Panic of 1873 set in shortly after this investment was made and few lots were actually sold for many years. The campgrounds were resurveyed in 1882 into much larger lots, many of remained unsold and were combined into a large tract of open space in recent years. Brayton died a rich man but his fortunes were much diminished in the real estate deflation that followed the panic.</p><br>
<p>Andrew Comstock, a beef shipper and merchant in Providence and founder of the Hammond Beef and Provision Company of Hammond, Indiana, Chicago and Omaha was the other significant investor. He remained a very rich man throughout his life. His Providence operation was located at a rail siding in what is now the Roger Williams National Memorial Park where the original Providence colony was established. The Hammond Beef companies along with several refrigerator rail car companies along with Armour and Company, Gustavus Swift, and were the subject of the "Beef Trust" trial of 1910.</p><br>
<p>The main interest of these partners was to develop a rail link from Providence to the shore, with Buttonwoods as the terminus. First a horse railway was established and then steam trains were introduced. This then became the Suburban Railroad servicing Rocky Point, Oakland Beach, and Buttonwoods. It was wiped out in the 1938 hurricane.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This residential neighborhood is small, about 170 houses, and most of the houses are historic, with many Victorian cottages and larger shingled bungalows in the Arts and Crafts style. The waterfront along Promenade Avenue has many mature trees in their streets. Many of the original cottages have disappeared over the years, including the cottage at Buttonwoods Point, torn down in the 1980s, and the Moses Bixby cottage, which, except for the roof peak on the West side, was torn down during the real estate boom of the 2000s. These were two of the original cottages at the beach of seemingly historic value.</p><br>
<p>The above-mentioned A Walking Tour of Buttonwoods Beach, written by Robert O. Jones, documents a few original cottages that survive to this day including the Smith S. Sweet house at 1078 Buttonwoods Avenue and a cottage at 12 12th Avenue which was also in the Sweet family. A cottage at 5 13th Avenue, across from the location of the original Moses Bixby house, built in 1872, was also leveled during the real estate boom of the 2000s upon the death of the former owner who had lived there for much of the 20th Century.</p><br>
<p>Across Buttonwoods Cove, although not part of Old Buttonwoods, is Warwick City Park, which includes three baseball fields, picnic areas and shelters, three miles (5 km) of paved bicycle paths, and tennis courts among other amenities.</p><br>
<p>Abutting Old Buttonwoods directly to the west is Budlong Farm, on which land is located the summer colony of the Buttonwoods Campers Association, established around the turn of the 20th century. The Budlong/Greene families were among the original colonists and founders of Warwick, Rhode Island, along with the Gorton, Lippitt and Potter families et al. The Greenes owned a huge portion of the Nausauket neck, which was divided up among the generations of Budlong/Greene heirs. The original Greene/Budlong farm homestead, built in 1776, still stands today and can be seen from Buttonwoods Avenue. Over time, tracts of land were sold off, among them, the tract sold to the Buttonwoods Beach Association (see above, purchase of land by Lodowick Brayton, The Rev. Jonathan Brayton, and Andrew Comstock). When Henry Warner Budlong inheirited what remained of the Greene family lands, he was approached to establish a summer colony similar to that of Buttonwoods Beach, but dedicated to middle-class families. At that time the Buttonwoods Campgrounds was established (circa 1899) allowing families to erect long tents (said to have been army surplus from the Civil War) and spend summers on the shore of Greenwich Bay. Henry Warner Budlong, whose memorial building sits next to Warwick City Hall in Apponaug, was a bachelor with no heirs. In his last will and testament, Budlong bequeathed the majority of his material assets to his housekeeper, Emily I. Hohler. The Buttonwoods Campers Association, currently consisting of 120 cottages, continued uninterrupted to lease the land. Budlongs will drawn up in 1928 (he died in 1929) specified that upon Mrs. Hohlers passing, the Budlong Farm land would not pass to her heirs, but would go to the Metropolitan Park Commission of the State of RI to be made into a memorial park named The Greene Park after his mother, Rhody Knight Greene. When Mrs. Hohler died Oct. 31, 1964, the Hohler daughters, Alice Hohler and Hope Maynard joined with the summer resident "campers" to contest the Budlong will. One camper, William McCaughey Jr., was key in obtaining a stay of the state&#39;s possession by then-governor John Chafee, who said the campers could remain on the contested land until a solution had been reached. The Hohler/Maynard families, with financial support from the summer residents, purchased an identical tract of waterfront land which was given to the state (and then the City of Warwick) to satisfy the Budlong will. That land was added to other land the City of Warwick owned, and became Warwick City Park.</p><br>
<h2>Association</h2><br>
<p>The Buttonwood Beach Association was incorporated in 1872 by a special act of the Rhode Island General Assembly. The trustees passed control of the running of the property to the association. The association then started selling lots to individuals. It continues to sell lots from time to time and reserves the right to sell additional platted lots. Its most recent "corrected" quit claim deeds for the conveyance of parts of Promenade Avenue were "subject to any existing rights of others in and to the former Promenade Avenue."</p><br>
<p>In David Clark v the Buttonwoods Beach Association the Rhode Island Superior Court found that Dr. Clark did not establish an adequate adverse possession claim for a part of Promenade Avenue. That case is now being reviewed by the Rhode Island Supreme Court.</p><br>
<p>Many deeds include the provision that owners must first offer their property back to the association in the event of a sale. A few owners have refused to pass that provision on to the next owners.</p><br>
<p>The Buttonwood Beach Association now organizes activities and celebrations for residents, many held at the Buttonwooods Fire District-owned building called the Casino. The Casino has a stage and two bowling alleys. Tennis courts and a playground are nearby. Potluck dinners, seasonal parties, and arts and crafts lessons for children take place there. Fire District residents and others can use the hall for private parties. The Buttonwood Beach Association owns a nondenominational chapel at Ninth Avenue and Janice Road.</p><br>
<p>The Buttonwoods Fire District will celebrate its 100-year anniversary in 2025. Originally chartered by the General Assembly to maintain the streets from Cooper Road easterly, its reach was expanded in the 1980s to include the streets from Andrew Comstock Road easterly to the Buttonwoods Point. Included in that expansion is the adoption by the General Assembly of the 1882 plat map as the inventory of Buttonwoods Fire District streets. The streets comprising the school bus route are jointly maintained by the fire district and the City of Warwick.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Buttonwoods Campers Association, Inc. continues to lease lands (about 25 acres) from the Hohler/Maynard families. The association members have a community hall where various social functions and activities are held for the benefit of residents of all ages. The association has made capital improvements, including a basketball court, soft sand volleyball court, bocce court and playground. Despite considerable erosion of its once pristine beach (due directly to the FEMA-financed construction of a massive seawall to protect Old Buttonwoods&#39; shoreline) the summer community continues to be populated by families with youngsters and by snowbird seniors.</p><br>
<p>The entire Budlong Farm sits on about 60 acres. A good portion is used to grow corn by Confreda Farms. Recently, the land was put under the Rhode Island Farm, Forest, and Open Space Act, with a pledge not to be developed. It remains a bucolic snapshot of colonial times and of the late Victorian era.</p><br>
<p>The Crompton Mill Historic District is a historic district encompassing a mill complex at 20 Remington Street, 53 and 65 Manchester Street in West Warwick, Rhode Island. The mill complex consists of a collection of mainly brick buildings, bounded by the Pawtuxet River and Pulaski, Remington, and Manchester Streets in the village of Crompton. The mill complex formerly extended across the river, but the complex on the west bank was destroyed by fire in 1992. The oldest elements of the complex are the dam site and some of the raceways that provided water power to the mills. The present dam was built in 1908, replacing an 1882 structure. The raceways were built in 1807, around the time of the first mill buildings. The stone Mill No. 1, built 1807, is believed to be the oldest stone mill building in the state. Most of the complex&#39;s buildings were built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by the Providence Manufacturing Company and its successors. The mill was used for textile  processing until 1946, when the Crompton Corporation ended production.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Forge Farm is an historic farm at 40 Forge Road in Warwick, Rhode Island. Established in the mid-17th century by the Greene family, it is one of the oldest farms in Rhode Island. It was the birthplace of General Nathanael Greene, a prominent American general in the American Revolutionary War. The core of the main house was built in 1684 by James Greene, son of John Greene, who purchased the land from local Native Americans. It has been extended and altered numerous times in the 18th and 19th centuries. Nathanael Greene was born in this house in 1742, and the farm was owned for many years by Nathanael&#39;s brother Christopher, and wife, Deborah  Greene, daughter of Continental Congress member Samuel Ward.</p><br>
<p>The farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Fuller, Oliver Payson "The History of Warwick, Rhode Island"</p><br>
